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Séminaires
Multiparticle Composites in Density-Imbalanced Quantum Fluids PDF Print E-mail
Séminaires 2009
Written by seminaire   
Saturday, 28 November 2009 16:47
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 Mardi 1er décembre à 16h (salle de séminaire du LPTMC)

Evgeny Burovski (LPTMS, Universite Paris-Sud)

invité par Nicolas Dupuis

 

We consider two-component one-dimensional quantum gases with a density imbalance. While generically such fluids are two-component Luttinger liquids, we show that if the ratio of the densities is a rational number, p/q, and mass asymmetry between components is sufficiently strong, one of the two eigenmodes acquires a gap. The gapped phase corresponds to (algebraic) ordering of (p+q)-particle composites. In particular, for attractive mixtures, this implies that the superconducting correlations are destroyed. We illustrate our predictions by numerical simulations of the fermionic Hubbard model with hopping asymmetry.

 

 
Lieu du séminaire: salle de séminaire du LPTMC, couloir 24-25, 4ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris

 

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Quasi-particules anyoniques et transition de phase topologique: le code torique en champ magnétique PDF Print E-mail
Séminaires 2009
Written by seminaire   
Wednesday, 25 November 2009 09:23
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Jeudi 26 novembre à 16h (salle de séminaire du LPTMC)

Sébastien Dusuel  (Lycée Saint-Louis, Paris)

invité par Nicolas Dupuis

 

Je commencerai par décrire qualitativement les propriétés élémentaires des systèmes quantiques bidimensionnels possédant des excitations anyoniques (particules de statistique fractionnaire, n'étant ni des bosons ni des fermions), en relation avec les domaines récents des qubits topologiquement protégés et du calcul topologique quantique.

Ensuite, je donnerai une introduction pédagogique du modèle de spins 1/2 le plus simple qui présente de tels excitations exotiques et de l'ordre topologique, à savoir le code torique de Kitaev avec anyons émergents Z_2 [1].

Finalement, la robustesse de la phase topologique du code torique à la perturbation locale la plus simple (un champ magnétique) sera estimée, en donnant une image physique en termes de quasi-particules anyoniques [2,3]. En fonction de la direction du champ magnétique :
 - l'ordre topologique est détruit par une transition de phase quantique du premier ou du second ordre, d'où un diagramme de phase riche
 - le système peut posséder une pléthore d'états liés

[1] Kitaev, Ann. Phys 303, 2 (2003)
[2] Vidal, Dusuel & Schmidt, Phys. Rev. B 79, 033109 (2009)
[3] Vidal, Thomale, Schmidt & Dusuel, Phys. Rev. B 80, 081104(R) (2009)




Lieu du séminaire: salle de séminaire du LPTMC, couloir 24-25, 4ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris

 

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Last Updated on Thursday, 03 December 2009 16:02
 
Statistical physics modeling of the bacterial flagellar motor PDF Print E-mail
Séminaires 2009
Written by seminaire   
Sunday, 22 November 2009 17:31
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 Mardi 17 novembre à 11h !! salle de réunion de l'UFR 925 !!

Thierry Mora  (Princeton, Groupe de Biophysique Théorique)

invité par Jean-Marc Victor

 
Many bacteria like E. coli swim by virtue of small rotary motors that drive rotation of helical flagella. Each motor is powered by a transmembrane proton flux passing through the motor. This flux is converted into torque with near-perfect efficiency by a mechanism whose details remain largely unknown. First I will describe the important biophysical properties of the motor, as measured in experiments, including the recent observation of a stepping behaviour at low speeds. I will then present a simple physical model that allows us to explain most of these data, but also to make new predictions. In particular, I will show how steps can be interpreted as barrier-crossing events in a corrugated energy landscape. Then I will show how to use our model to calculate the effect of shot noise (due to the discrete nature of the energy source--the protons) on motor diffusivity, and thus propose experiments to measure the proton cooperativity in the torque generation process.

 




Lieu du séminaire: salle de réunion de l'UFR 925, couloir 42-32, 4ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris

 

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Last Updated on Sunday, 22 November 2009 17:45
 
Combining structure and dynamics: non-denaturing high-pressure effect on lysozyme in solution PDF Print E-mail
Séminaires 2009
Written by seminaire   
Tuesday, 17 November 2009 12:29
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 Jeudi 19 novembre à 16h (salle de séminaire du LPTMC)

Daniela Russo  (ILL, Grenoble)

invitée par Jean-Marc Victor

 

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering techniques were used to investigate high-pressure-induced changes on interactions, low-resolution structure and dynamics of lysozyme in solution. SAXS data indicate that lysozyme completely maintains its globular structure up to 1500 bar, but significant modifications in the protein–protein interaction potential occur at approximately 600–1000 bar. Moreover, the mass density of the protein hydration water shows a clear discontinuity within this pressure range. Neutron scattering experiments indicate that the global and the local lysozyme dynamics change at a similar threshold pressure. A clear evolution of the internal protein dynamics from diffusing to more localized motions has also been probed. Protein structure and dynamics results have then been discussed in the context of protein–water interface and hydration water dynamics. According to SAXS results, the new configuration of water in the first hydration layer induced by pressure is suggested to be at the origin of the observed local mobility changes.




Lieu du séminaire: salle de séminaire du LPTMC, couloir 24-25, 4ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris

 

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Last Updated on Thursday, 19 November 2009 10:31
 
Learning physical principles from noisy small gene regulatory networks PDF Print E-mail
Séminaires 2009
Written by seminaire   
Monday, 16 November 2009 14:41
There are no translations available.

 Mardi 17 novembre à 11h !! salle de réunion de l'UFR 925 !!

Aleksandra Walczak  (Princeton, Groupe de Biophysique Théorique)

invitée par Jean-Marc Victor

 
The regulation of gene expression in cells is a stochastic many body process. An important source of complexity in the interactions between genes lies in the molecular details, which control the properties of small genetic networks. The relatively small number of protein molecules of a given type present in the cell and the nonlinear nature of chemical reactions results in complex behaviours which are hard to predict from first principles. I will discuss mathematical models and approximations which allow for analytical progress in studying noise on different levels of the regulatory system. I will show examples of how molecular noise can influence the cell's phenotype and together with information flow considerations lead to predict not only the connectivity but also the detailed biochemistry of a biological network. Lastly, I will discuss different approaches of how a stochastic molecular level description can be successfully expanded to larger regulatory systems.




Lieu du séminaire: salle de réunion de l'UFR 925, couloir 42-32, 4ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris

 

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Last Updated on Monday, 16 November 2009 14:45
 
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